Effectiveness of Green Tea Tannin on Rats with Chronic Renal Failure

The effects of green tea tannin on nephrectomized rats were examined. There were increases in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and urinary protein, and a decrease in creatinine clearance in the nephrectomized control rats, whereas better results for these parameters were obtained in rats given green tea tannin after nephrectomy, demonstrating a suppressed progression of the renal failure. When the renal parenchyma was partially resected, the remnant kidney showed a decrease in the activity of radical scavenger enzymes. Green tea tannin, however, was found to lighten the kidney under such oxidative stress. Mesangial proliferation and glomerular sclerotic lesions, which were conspicuous in the rats that were not given green tea tannin after nephrectomy, were also relieved.     

频振式杀虫灯在茶树害虫测报、防治中的应用

应用佳多频振式杀虫灯进行了茶树害虫的预测预报和防治试验。结果表明,该灯对茶园中的茶细蛾Caloptiliatheivora(walsingham)、茶毛虫EuproctispseudoconspersaStrand、斜纹夜蛾Prodenialitura(Fabricius)等茶树主要害虫有明显的诱集作用;同时,根据害虫成虫诱集时间、数量与面上生育期观察,其动态变化基本一致,可以用于幼虫的发生期、发生量预报,在面上应用频振式杀虫灯对3种的防治试验中取得明显的效果。认为该灯是一种安全、经济、有效、无污染的茶树害虫预测预报和防治工具。     

同种竞争压力对小泡巨鼠贮藏油茶种子行为的作用分析

2002年11～12月,在四川省都江堰地区的亚热带常绿阔叶林内利用人工修建的半自然状态围栏进行实验,研究了小泡巨鼠在有同种竞争存在条件下对油茶种子的埋藏行为。结果表明,小泡巨鼠在有竞争存在条件下,显增加了埋藏油茶种子的量。这一结果支持了“竞争的存在刺激鼠类埋藏”的假说。同时,研究结果表明,小泡巨鼠在有竞争存在条件下,显增加了对埋藏种子的搬运距离,每个贮藏点埋藏种子的数量也有所增加,同时埋藏的生境更多地偏向于遮蔽较好的微生境(草丛底层、灌丛下层)中。这些行为策略有可能有利于种子被埋藏植物的种群扩散。在讨论中,我们还通过比较鸟类和兽类在感觉器官上的差别,分析它们在有竞争存在条件下所采取的不同贮食策略。     

茶叶上拟除虫菊酯类农药降解菌的分离及其特性

生物修复对降解污染基质中的农药是一种对环境有益的方法。目标是要寻找能够降解在茶叶生产中使用的拟除虫菊酯类农药的降解菌。最终在福州某茶园经农药处理过的茶叶中分离降解菌。首先在富集培养基中筛选,接着在以农药为唯一碳源的基础培养基中连续筛选。结果发现,其中一株标号为c1f6的菌株生长的特别良好,经AMS-VITEK120全自动微生物分析系统鉴定,为假单胞菌属的一个未知种。采用HP6890气相色谱仪测定菌株对拟除虫菊酯类农药联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯的降解率。在pH7.0的基础培养基发酵液中,以各加100mg·L-1这3种农药为唯一碳源,30℃振荡培养,接种c1f6后3d,这3种农药的降解率分别为55.64%、44.56%和52.19%。采用光密度测定的菌株生长值和农药降解率的关系曲线表明,在基础培养基中,农药降解和菌株生长成正相关,说明菌株能以拟除虫菊酯类农药为唯一碳源和能源进行生长。采用同样的方法测定表明,菌株c1f6对有机磷农药也有一定的降解力,3d对甲胺磷和毒死蜱的降解率分别为27.67%和12.35%。因此,假单胞菌c1f6是一株较广谱的农药降解菌,有望用于生物修复过程,以减少茶叶栽培过程中的产品和环境污染。     

Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Adipogenesis and Induces Apoptosis in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes

Objective: Green tea catechins have been shown to promote loss of body fat and to inhibit growth of many cancer cell types by inducing apoptosis. The objective of this study was to determine whether epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the primary green tea catechin, could act directly on adipocytes to inhibit adipogenesis and induce apoptosis. Research Methods and Procedures: Mouse 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and mature adipocytes were used. To test the effect of EGCG on viability, cells were incubated for 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours with 0, 50, 100, or 200 μM EGCG. Viability was quantitated by MTS assay. To determine the effect of EGCG on apoptosis, adipocytes were incubated for 24 hours with 0 to 200 μM EGCG, then stained with annexin V and propidium iodide and analyzed by laser scanning cytometry. Both preadipocytes and adipocytes were also analyzed for apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling assay. To determine the effect of EGCG on adipogenesis, maturing preadipocytes were incubated during the 6‐day induction period with 0 to 200 μM EGCG, then stained with Oil‐Red‐O and analyzed for lipid content. Results: EGCG had no effect on either viability or apoptosis of preconfluent preadipocytes. EGCG also did not affect viability of mature adipocytes; however, EGCG increased apoptosis in mature adipocytes, as demonstrated by both laser scanning cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling assays. Furthermore, EGCG dose‐dependently inhibited lipid accumulation in maturing preadipocytes. Discussion: These results demonstrate that EGCG can act directly to inhibit differentiation of preadipocytes and to induce apoptosis of mature adipocytes and, thus, could be an important adjunct in the treatment of obesity.     

一株抗茶炭疽菌和魔芋镰刀菌的淀粉酶产色链霉菌的分离、鉴定及生防潜能

【背景】放线菌是一类重要的生防菌,具有强大的代谢活性,能产生抗生素、酶、酶抑制剂和激素等天然产物抑制病原物生长。【目的】从茶树根际分离得到放线菌,研究候选放线菌对茶炭疽菌和魔芋镰刀菌的抑菌活性及其生防潜能。【方法】分别以茶炭疽病致病菌Colletotrichum camelliae和魔芋茎腐病致病菌Fusarium solani为指示菌,采用土壤稀释涂布法、平板对峙法和菌丝生长速率法,从茶树根际土壤中分离、筛选拮抗放线菌,并根据菌株的形态特征、生理生化特性和系统发育分析结果对其进行分类鉴定,并开展候选放线菌的产促生相关物质和分泌细胞壁水解酶能力的定性检测试验。【结果】共分离得到14株拮抗放线菌,菌株A-dyzsc04-2的拮抗效果最强,被鉴定为淀粉酶产色链霉菌（Streptomyces diastatochromogenes）。该菌株的活菌体对C. camelliae和F. solani的抑制率分别为66.71%±1.23%和71.59%±2.46%,其无菌发酵滤液对2种指示菌的抑菌率均大于90%;此外,菌株A-dyzsc04-2还具有产嗜铁素和葡聚糖酶以及溶解无机磷的能力。【结论】菌株A-dyzsc04-2是一株优良的生防菌,具有较高的开发利用价值,研究结果为菌株A-dyzsc04-2防治茶炭疽病和魔芋茎腐病提供了理论支撑。     

稻草覆盖对红壤丘陵茶园的生态调控效应

在红壤丘陵区幼龄茶园通过连续4年稻草覆盖的大田试验,研究了稻草覆盖对茶园的生态综合调控效应。结果表明,稻草覆盖改良了土壤理化性状,提高了茶树生长时期(3~10月)的土壤水分含量,特别是土壤表层(0~20 cm)的水分含量;缓冲了茶园土壤温度变化;抑制了茶园杂草的生长;增加了蜘蛛等天敌的数量,有效地控制了假眼小绿叶蝉和茶蚜虫等害虫数量,但茶尺蠖显著增加;有利于蚯蚓的生长,改善了茶园生态环境。     

酸提高绿茶提取物对脂肪酸合酶的抑制活性

脂肪酸合酶和肥胖、癌症等人类重大疾病相关.获取高活性脂肪酸合酶抑制剂有重要应用价值.50％乙醇的绿茶提取物具有抑制脂肪酸合酶和经口服降低大、小鼠体重的功能.该提取物在酸的作用下可明显地提高其抑制脂肪酸合酶的能力.采用1 mol/L硫酸或盐酸在100℃下处理绿茶提取物,发现该提取物对脂肪酸合酶的抑制活性随时间逐步提高.在25℃至120℃温度下,提高处理温度使抑制活性提高的速度加快和程度加大. 用1 mol/L盐酸120℃处理35 min或3 mol/L盐酸100℃处理30 min可使绿茶提取物抑制脂肪酸合酶的半抑制浓度下降20倍左右,达到1 μg/ml以下.用pKa值4.76至1.27的1 mol/L浓度的4种有机酸在100℃作用150 min使绿茶提取物抑制活性分别提高到1.48至5.84倍.提高酸的浓度也使被作用的提取物的抑制活性提高的更多.表现抑制活性提高的速度及程度和氢离子浓度正相关.判断绿茶提取物在酸作用下抑制活性的提高来源于其中所含儿茶素在氢离子作用下发生了化学变化.初步实验表明其变化过程比较复杂,确定其分子机制还需进一步的研究工作.     

Anti-Oxidative Compounds in Barley Tea

Five phenolic compounds, p-hydroxyacetophenone, 5,7-dihydroxychromone, naringenin, quercetin, and iso-americanol A, were found first time in the barley tea, together with the known compounds, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The anti-oxidative properties were evaluated by measuring their peroxynitrite-scavenging activities. Among these compounds, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, and isoamericanol A showed stronger activities than that of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) at 400 μM.     

cis- and trans-Linalool 3,7-Oxides and Methyl Salicylate Glycosides and (Z)-3-Hexenyl β-D-Glucopyranoside as Aroma Precursors from Tea Leaves for Oolong Tea

Two new alcoholic aroma precursors, cis- and trans-linalool 3,7-oxides 6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosides (1 and 2), as well as two already known compounds, (Z)-3-hexenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and methyl salicylate 6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (β-primeveroside: 4), and another new monoterpendiol glycoside, 8-hydroxygeranyl β-primeveroside (5) have recently been isolated as aroma precursors in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. Maoxie) ready for oolong tea processing.